Tested Applications
| Positive WB detected in | human placenta tissue, A375 cells, IFN gamma treated A549 cells, HepG2 cells, K-562 cells, mouse heart tissue, mouse skeletal muscle tissue, rat kidney tissue |
| Positive IP detected in | mouse heart tissue |
| Positive IHC detected in | human tonsillitis tissue, human stomach cancer tissue, mouse heart tissue Note: suggested antigen retrieval with TE buffer pH 9.0; (*) Alternatively, antigen retrieval may be performed with citrate buffer pH 6.0 |
| Positive IF-P detected in | human tonsillitis tissue |
Recommended dilution
| Application | Dilution |
|---|---|
| Western Blot (WB) | WB : 1:500-1:1000 |
| Immunoprecipitation (IP) | IP : 0.5-4.0 ug for 1.0-3.0 mg of total protein lysate |
| Immunohistochemistry (IHC) | IHC : 1:1000-1:4000 |
| Immunofluorescence (IF)-P | IF-P : 1:50-1:500 |
| It is recommended that this reagent should be titrated in each testing system to obtain optimal results. | |
| Sample-dependent, Check data in validation data gallery. | |
Published Applications
| KD/KO | See 8 publications below |
| WB | See 112 publications below |
| IHC | See 108 publications below |
| IF | See 43 publications below |
| IP | See 1 publications below |
| CoIP | See 3 publications below |
| ChIP | See 1 publications below |
Product Information
17952-1-AP targets PD-L1/CD274 in WB, IHC, IF-P, IP, CoIP, ChIP, ELISA applications and shows reactivity with human, mouse, rat samples.
| Tested Reactivity | human, mouse, rat |
| Cited Reactivity | human, mouse, rat |
| Host / Isotype | Rabbit / IgG |
| Class | Polyclonal |
| Type | Antibody |
| Immunogen |
CatNo: Ag12432 Product name: Recombinant human PD-L1/CD274 protein Source: e coli.-derived, PGEX-4T Tag: GST Domain: 25-241 aa of BC074984 Sequence: KDLYVVEYGSNMTIECKFPVEKQLDLAALIVYWEMEDKNIIQFVHGEEDLKVQHSSYRQRARLLKDQLSLGNAALQITDVKLQDAGVYRCMISYGGADYKRITVKVNAPYNKINQRILVVDPVTSEHELTCQAEGYPKAEVIWTSSDHQVLSGKTTTTNSKREEKLFNVTSTLRINTTTNEIFYCTFRRLDPEENHTAELVIPELPLAHPPNERTHL Predict reactive species |
| Full Name | CD274 molecule |
| Calculated Molecular Weight | 290 aa, 33 kDa |
| Observed Molecular Weight | 45-56 kDa, 65-70 kDa |
| GenBank Accession Number | BC074984 |
| Gene Symbol | PD-L1 |
| Gene ID (NCBI) | 29126 |
| RRID | AB_10597552 |
| Conjugate | Unconjugated |
| Form | Liquid |
| Purification Method | Antigen affinity purification |
| UNIPROT ID | Q9NZQ7 |
| Storage Buffer | PBS with 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol, pH 7.3. |
| Storage Conditions | Store at -20°C. Stable for one year after shipment. Aliquoting is unnecessary for -20oC storage. 20ul sizes contain 0.1% BSA. |
Background Information
PD-L1, also known as CD274 or B7H1, stands for programmed cell death ligand 1. It is a type I transmembrane protein that is thought to repress immune responses by binding to its receptor (PD1), thus inhibiting T-cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production. It contains V-like and C-like immunoglobulin domains. PD-L1 expression is regulated by various cytokines, such as TNF-α or LPS (ISSN: 1848-7718). Increased expression of this protein in certain types of cancers, e.g., renal cell carcinoma or colon cancer, correlates with poor prognosis.
What is the molecular weight of PD-L1?
Depending on the isoform, the calculated molecular weight of the protein varies between 20 and 33 kDa (176-290 aa).
What are the isoforms of PD-L1?
According to NCBI, three different isoforms have been identified. There are significant differences in the untranslated and protein coding regions.
What is the subcellular localization and tissue specificity of PD-L1?
It is predicted to localize in the plasma membrane of various cell types, with a particularly high expression in placental trophoblast and subsets of immune cells. High levels of PD-L1 protein have also been detected in lung and colon tissues.
What is the function of PD-L1 in immune responses?
PD-L1 is critical for the induction and maintenance of immune self-tolerance during infection or inflammation in normal tissues. The interaction of PD-L1 and its receptors is responsible for preventing auto-immune phenotypes and balancing the overall immune response in situations such as pregnancy or tissue allografts. The interaction between PD-L1 and PD-1 or B7.1 starts an inhibitory signaling cascade, which results in the decreased proliferation of antigen-specific T-cells and increased survival of regulatory T-cells (PMID: 15240681).
How can PD-L1's implication in cancer be used as a drug target?
In certain tumors, high expression of PD-L1 serves as a stop-sign to inhibit the recognition of cancer cells by T-cells (PMID: 23087408). The interaction between PD-L1 and its receptors (PD1 and B7.1) is a mechanism for the tumor to evade the host immune response (PMID: 29357948). Several mAbs have been developed to target that interaction and thus prevent the inactivation of cytotoxic T-cells by the tumor (PMIDs: 23890059, 18173375).
Protocols
| Product Specific Protocols | |
|---|---|
| IF protocol for PD-L1/CD274 antibody 17952-1-AP | Download protocol |
| IHC protocol for PD-L1/CD274 antibody 17952-1-AP | Download protocol |
| IP protocol for PD-L1/CD274 antibody 17952-1-AP | Download protocol |
| WB protocol for PD-L1/CD274 antibody 17952-1-AP | Download protocol |
| Standard Protocols | |
|---|---|
| Click here to view our Standard Protocols |
Publications
| Species | Application | Title |
|---|---|---|
Nat Biomed Eng Inhibiting PD-L1 palmitoylation enhances T-cell immune responses against tumours. | ||
Nat Commun Pharmaceutical targeting of OTUB2 sensitizes tumors to cytotoxic T cells via degradation of PD-L1 | ||
Adv Sci (Weinh) BiTE-Secreting CAR-γδT as a Dual Targeting Strategy for the Treatment of Solid Tumors | ||
Acta Pharm Sin B Whole-body PET tracking of a d-dodecapeptide and its radiotheranostic potential for PD-L1 overexpressing tumors. | ||
Mol Cell Phosphorylated RB Promotes Cancer Immunity by Inhibiting NF-κB Activation and PD-L1 Expression. | ||
Mol Ther Targeting leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 sensitizes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma to anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy |
