Tested Applications
| Positive WB detected in | IFN gamma treated A549 cells, THP-1 cells, human placenta tissue, MDA-MB-231 cells, rat heart tissue, mouse heart tissue, MDCK cells |
| Positive IP detected in | MDA-MB-231 cells |
| Positive IHC detected in | human tonsillitis tissue, human placenta tissue, human breast cancer tissue, human lung cancer tissue, human cervical cancer tissue Note: suggested antigen retrieval with TE buffer pH 9.0; (*) Alternatively, antigen retrieval may be performed with citrate buffer pH 6.0 |
| Positive IF-P detected in | human tonsillitis tissue, human placenta tissue |
Recommended dilution
| Application | Dilution |
|---|---|
| Western Blot (WB) | WB : 1:1000-1:6000 |
| Immunoprecipitation (IP) | IP : 0.5-4.0 ug for 1.0-3.0 mg of total protein lysate |
| Immunohistochemistry (IHC) | IHC : 1:500-1:2000 |
| Immunofluorescence (IF)-P | IF-P : 1:50-1:500 |
| It is recommended that this reagent should be titrated in each testing system to obtain optimal results. | |
| Sample-dependent, Check data in validation data gallery. | |
Product Information
28076-1-AP targets PD-L1/CD274 (C-terminal) in WB, IHC, IF-P, IP, CoIP, ChIP, ELISA applications and shows reactivity with human, mouse, rat, canine samples.
| Tested Reactivity | human, mouse, rat, canine |
| Cited Reactivity | human, mouse, rat |
| Host / Isotype | Rabbit / IgG |
| Class | Polyclonal |
| Type | Antibody |
| Immunogen |
CatNo: Ag27557 Product name: Recombinant human PD-L1/CD274 protein Source: e coli.-derived, PGEX-4T Tag: GST Domain: 181-290 aa of BC074984 Sequence: TTNSKREEKLFNVTSTLRINTTTNEIFYCTFRRLDPEENHTAELVIPELPLAHPPNERTHLVILGAILLCLGVALTFIFRLRKGRMMDVKKCGIQDTNSKKQSDTHLEET Predict reactive species |
| Full Name | CD274 molecule |
| Calculated Molecular Weight | 290 aa, 33 kDa |
| Observed Molecular Weight | 45-50 kDa |
| GenBank Accession Number | BC074984 |
| Gene Symbol | PD-L1 |
| Gene ID (NCBI) | 29126 |
| RRID | AB_2881052 |
| Conjugate | Unconjugated |
| Form | Liquid |
| Purification Method | Antigen affinity purification |
| UNIPROT ID | Q9NZQ7 |
| Storage Buffer | PBS with 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol, pH 7.3. |
| Storage Conditions | Store at -20°C. Stable for one year after shipment. Aliquoting is unnecessary for -20oC storage. 20ul sizes contain 0.1% BSA. |
Background Information
PD-L1, also known as CD274 or B7H1, stands for programmed cell death ligand 1. It is a type I transmembrane protein that is thought to repress immune responses by binding to its receptor (PD1), thus inhibiting T-cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production. It contains V-like and C-like immunoglobulin domains. PD-L1 expression is regulated by various cytokines, such as TNF-α or LPS (ISSN: 1848-7718). Increased expression of this protein in certain types of cancers, e.g., renal cell carcinoma or colon cancer, correlates with poor prognosis.
What is the molecular weight of PD-L1?
Depending on the isoform, the calculated molecular weight of the protein varies between 20 and 33 kDa (176-290 aa).
What are the isoforms of PD-L1?
According to NCBI, three different isoforms have been identified. There are significant differences in the untranslated and protein coding regions.
What is the subcellular localization and tissue specificity of PD-L1?
It is predicted to localize in the plasma membrane of various cell types, with a particularly high expression in placental trophoblast and subsets of immune cells. High levels of PD-L1 protein have also been detected in lung and colon tissues.
What is the function of PD-L1 in immune responses?
PD-L1 is critical for the induction and maintenance of immune self-tolerance during infection or inflammation in normal tissues. The interaction of PD-L1 and its receptors is responsible for preventing auto-immune phenotypes and balancing the overall immune response in situations such as pregnancy or tissue allografts. The interaction between PD-L1 and PD-1 or B7.1 starts an inhibitory signaling cascade, which results in the decreased proliferation of antigen-specific T-cells and increased survival of regulatory T-cells (PMID: 15240681).
How can PD-L1's implication in cancer be used as a drug target?
In certain tumors, high expression of PD-L1 serves as a stop-sign to inhibit the recognition of cancer cells by T-cells (PMID: 23087408). The interaction between PD-L1 and its receptors (PD1 and B7.1) is a mechanism for the tumor to evade the host immune response (PMID: 29357948). Several mAbs have been developed to target that interaction and thus prevent the inactivation of cytotoxic T-cells by the tumor (PMIDs: 23890059, 18173375).
Protocols
| Product Specific Protocols | |
|---|---|
| IF protocol for PD-L1/CD274 (C-terminal) antibody 28076-1-AP | Download protocol |
| IHC protocol for PD-L1/CD274 (C-terminal) antibody 28076-1-AP | Download protocol |
| IP protocol for PD-L1/CD274 (C-terminal) antibody 28076-1-AP | Download protocol |
| WB protocol for PD-L1/CD274 (C-terminal) antibody 28076-1-AP | Download protocol |
| Standard Protocols | |
|---|---|
| Click here to view our Standard Protocols |
Publications
What published studies show
The PD-L1/CD274 (C-terminal) Polyclonal antibody (Cat# 28076-1-AP) has accumulated 176 citations. Publications span journals including Nature Communications, Cell Metabolism, Nature Cancer, Science Advances, Advanced Science, Cancer Research, Gastroenterology, EMBO Journal, and Frontiers in Immunology. Research fields encompass cancer immunotherapy, immune checkpoint blockade, tumor immune evasion, PD-L1 expression regulation, tumor microenvironment remodeling, and nanomedicine-based drug delivery, covering diverse cancer types such as lung, liver, breast, gastric, colorectal, and glioblastoma.
| Species | Application | Title |
|---|---|---|
Mol Cancer Targeting PERP promotes anti-tumor immunity in HNSCC by regulating tumor immune microenvironment and metabolic homeostasis | ||
Cell Metab Dual impacts of serine/glycine-free diet in enhancing antitumor immunity and promoting evasion via PD-L1 lactylation | ||
Gastroenterology Stromal Stiffness-Regulated IGF2BP2 in Pancreatic Cancer Drives Immune Evasion via Sphingomyelin Metabolism | ||
Cancer Commun (Lond) m6A-modified EHD1 controls PD-L1 endosomal trafficking to modulate immune evasion and immunotherapy responses in lung adenocarcinoma | ||
Nat Cancer Concurrent inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis by a lipidated nanophotosensitizer tracing and disabling tumor extracellular vesicles | ||
Cancer Res Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor C regulates proliferation, glycolysis, and chemoresistance via the PD-L1/ITGB6/STAT3 signaling axis in bladder cancer. |
