Tested Applications
| Positive IP detected in | mouse heart tissue |
| Positive IHC detected in | human tonsillitis tissue, human stomach cancer tissue, mouse heart tissue Note: suggested antigen retrieval with TE buffer pH 9.0; (*) Alternatively, antigen retrieval may be performed with citrate buffer pH 6.0 |
| Positive IF-P detected in | human tonsillitis tissue |
Recommended dilution
| Application | Dilution |
|---|---|
| Immunoprecipitation (IP) | IP : 0.5-4.0 ug for 1.0-3.0 mg of total protein lysate |
| Immunohistochemistry (IHC) | IHC : 1:1000-1:4000 |
| Immunofluorescence (IF)-P | IF-P : 1:50-1:500 |
| It is recommended that this reagent should be titrated in each testing system to obtain optimal results. | |
| Sample-dependent, Check data in validation data gallery. | |
Product Information
17952-1-AP targets PD-L1/CD274 in IHC, IF-P, IP, CoIP, ChIP, ELISA applications and shows reactivity with human, mouse, rat samples.
| Tested Reactivity | human, mouse, rat |
| Cited Reactivity | human, mouse, rat |
| Host / Isotype | Rabbit / IgG |
| Class | Polyclonal |
| Type | Antibody |
| Immunogen |
CatNo: Ag12432 Product name: Recombinant human PD-L1/CD274 protein Source: e coli.-derived, PGEX-4T Tag: GST Domain: 25-241 aa of BC074984 Sequence: KDLYVVEYGSNMTIECKFPVEKQLDLAALIVYWEMEDKNIIQFVHGEEDLKVQHSSYRQRARLLKDQLSLGNAALQITDVKLQDAGVYRCMISYGGADYKRITVKVNAPYNKINQRILVVDPVTSEHELTCQAEGYPKAEVIWTSSDHQVLSGKTTTTNSKREEKLFNVTSTLRINTTTNEIFYCTFRRLDPEENHTAELVIPELPLAHPPNERTHL Predict reactive species |
| Full Name | CD274 molecule |
| Calculated Molecular Weight | 290 aa, 33 kDa |
| Observed Molecular Weight | 45-56 kDa, 65-70 kDa |
| GenBank Accession Number | BC074984 |
| Gene Symbol | PD-L1 |
| Gene ID (NCBI) | 29126 |
| RRID | AB_10597552 |
| Conjugate | Unconjugated |
| Form | Liquid |
| Purification Method | Antigen affinity purification |
| UNIPROT ID | Q9NZQ7 |
| Storage Buffer | PBS with 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol, pH 7.3. |
| Storage Conditions | Store at -20°C. Stable for one year after shipment. Aliquoting is unnecessary for -20oC storage. 20ul sizes contain 0.1% BSA. |
Background Information
PD-L1, also known as CD274 or B7H1, stands for programmed cell death ligand 1. It is a type I transmembrane protein that is thought to repress immune responses by binding to its receptor (PD1), thus inhibiting T-cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production. It contains V-like and C-like immunoglobulin domains. PD-L1 expression is regulated by various cytokines, such as TNF-α or LPS (ISSN: 1848-7718). Increased expression of this protein in certain types of cancers, e.g., renal cell carcinoma or colon cancer, correlates with poor prognosis.
What is the molecular weight of PD-L1?
Depending on the isoform, the calculated molecular weight of the protein varies between 20 and 33 kDa (176-290 aa).
What are the isoforms of PD-L1?
According to NCBI, three different isoforms have been identified. There are significant differences in the untranslated and protein coding regions.
What is the subcellular localization and tissue specificity of PD-L1?
It is predicted to localize in the plasma membrane of various cell types, with a particularly high expression in placental trophoblast and subsets of immune cells. High levels of PD-L1 protein have also been detected in lung and colon tissues.
What is the function of PD-L1 in immune responses?
PD-L1 is critical for the induction and maintenance of immune self-tolerance during infection or inflammation in normal tissues. The interaction of PD-L1 and its receptors is responsible for preventing auto-immune phenotypes and balancing the overall immune response in situations such as pregnancy or tissue allografts. The interaction between PD-L1 and PD-1 or B7.1 starts an inhibitory signaling cascade, which results in the decreased proliferation of antigen-specific T-cells and increased survival of regulatory T-cells (PMID: 15240681).
How can PD-L1's implication in cancer be used as a drug target?
In certain tumors, high expression of PD-L1 serves as a stop-sign to inhibit the recognition of cancer cells by T-cells (PMID: 23087408). The interaction between PD-L1 and its receptors (PD1 and B7.1) is a mechanism for the tumor to evade the host immune response (PMID: 29357948). Several mAbs have been developed to target that interaction and thus prevent the inactivation of cytotoxic T-cells by the tumor (PMIDs: 23890059, 18173375).
Protocols
| Product Specific Protocols | |
|---|---|
| IF protocol for PD-L1/CD274 antibody 17952-1-AP | Download protocol |
| IHC protocol for PD-L1/CD274 antibody 17952-1-AP | Download protocol |
| IP protocol for PD-L1/CD274 antibody 17952-1-AP | Download protocol |
| Standard Protocols | |
|---|---|
| Click here to view our Standard Protocols |
Publications
What published studies show
The PD-L1/CD274 Polyclonal antibody (Cat# 17952-1-AP) has 265 total citations published in journals including Nature, Cell, Cancer Cell, Nature Communications, Molecular Cell, Science Advances, Biomaterials, ACS Nano, Oncogene, and Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer. Research fields encompass cancer immunotherapy, immune checkpoint regulation, tumor microenvironment, nanomedicine, drug delivery, ferroptosis, exosome biology, microbiome, cardiovascular disease, neurology, diabetes, and transplantation, with applications in IHC, IF, CoIP, IP, and flow cytometry across human and mouse models.
| Species | Application | Title |
|---|---|---|
Cancer Cell Conserved spatial subtypes and cellular neighborhoods of cancer-associated fibroblasts revealed by single-cell spatial multi-omics | ||
Cancer Commun (Lond) USP51/PD-L1/ITGB1-deployed juxtacrine interaction plays a cell-intrinsic role in promoting chemoresistant phenotypes in non-small cell lung cancer | ||
Nat Biomed Eng Inhibiting PD-L1 palmitoylation enhances T-cell immune responses against tumours. |
