Tested Applications
| Positive WB detected in | HepG2 cells, HeLa cells, HEK-293 cells |
| Positive IF/ICC detected in | MDCK cells, HepG2 cells |
| Positive FC (Intra) detected in | HeLa cells |
Recommended dilution
| Application | Dilution |
|---|---|
| Western Blot (WB) | WB : 1:500-1:2000 |
| Immunofluorescence (IF)/ICC | IF/ICC : 1:50-1:500 |
| Flow Cytometry (FC) (INTRA) | FC (INTRA) : 0.80 ug per 10^6 cells in a 100 µl suspension |
| It is recommended that this reagent should be titrated in each testing system to obtain optimal results. | |
| Sample-dependent, Check data in validation data gallery. | |
Published Applications
| WB | See 22 publications below |
| IF | See 3 publications below |
Product Information
CL594-66009 targets Beta Actin in WB, IF/ICC, FC (Intra) applications and shows reactivity with human, mouse, rat, canine, monkey, zebrafish, hamster samples.
| Tested Reactivity | human, mouse, rat, canine, monkey, zebrafish, hamster |
| Cited Reactivity | human, mouse, rat, pig, chicken |
| Host / Isotype | Mouse / IgG2b |
| Class | Monoclonal |
| Type | Antibody |
| Immunogen |
Recombinant protein Predict reactive species |
| Full Name | actin, beta |
| Calculated Molecular Weight | 42 kDa |
| Observed Molecular Weight | 42 kDa |
| GenBank Accession Number | NM_001101 |
| Gene Symbol | Beta Actin |
| Gene ID (NCBI) | 60 |
| RRID | AB_2883475 |
| Conjugate | CoraLite®594 Fluorescent Dye |
| Excitation/Emission Maxima Wavelengths | 588 nm / 604 nm |
| Excitation Laser | Yellow-Green Laser (561 nm) |
| Form | Liquid |
| Purification Method | Protein A purification |
| UNIPROT ID | P60709 |
| Storage Buffer | PBS with 50% glycerol, 0.05% Proclin300, 0.5% BSA, pH 7.3. |
| Storage Conditions | Store at -20°C. Avoid exposure to light. Stable for one year after shipment. Aliquoting is unnecessary for -20oC storage. |
Background Information
Actins are highly conserved globular proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells. At least six isoforms of actins are known in mammals and other vertebrates. Beta-actin (or β-actin) is a cytoskeletal actin isoform, highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotic organisms, making it a commonly used "housekeeping gene" in many laboratory techniques. It has been widely used as the internal control in RT-PCR and Western Blotting. The isotype of this antibody is IgG2b.
What is the molecular weight of beta-actin?
42 kDa
What is the function of beta-actin?
Actins are a key part of the cytoskeleton and are involved in cell motility, structure, and signaling, with beta-actin as part of the contractile apparatus. Beta-actin is located in the cytoplasm of non-muscle cells, particularly where the plasma membrane meets the cytoskeleton (PMID: 1993736) and is found co-distributed with alpha-actin (PMID: 9490838).
What are the applications for beta-actin?
As it is ubiquitously and constitutively expressed, beta-actin is a useful loading control in techniques such as RT-PCR and Western Blots to measure baseline expression and degradation. Beta-actin can be used as a reference gene to normalize mRNA or protein levels in quantitative studies of expression. Although some evidence suggests variation in tissue types and developing embryos (PMID: 23099774) if expression is stable across conditions, beta-actin is still considered by many to be a suitable gene for normalization.
Beyond its role as a housekeeping gene, it has been shown that beta-actin associates with endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) and can therefore regulate nitric oxide activity in endothelial cells (PMID: 12734108).
What are the post-transcriptional modifications (PTMs) to beta actin?
Alterations to actin proteins can modulate their properties and function. While small molecules are known to alter actin, post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and acetylation can also affect actin (PMID: 23195437). Modifications to actin have been associated with diseases including but not limited to age-related macular degeneration (PMID: 17652714), cardiovascular disease (PMID: 21232667), and Alzheimer's disease (PMID: 11246152).
For murine tissue sample, conjugated antibody (HRP-66009) or rabbit antibody (20536-1-AP) is preferable.
Protocols
| Product Specific Protocols | |
|---|---|
| FC protocol for CL594 Beta Actin antibody CL594-66009 | Download protocol |
| IF protocol for CL594 Beta Actin antibody CL594-66009 | Download protocol |
| WB protocol for CL594 Beta Actin antibody CL594-66009 | Download protocol |
| Standard Protocols | |
|---|---|
| Click here to view our Standard Protocols |
Publications
| Species | Application | Title |
|---|---|---|
Protein Cell The chemical reprogramming of unipotent adult germ cells towards authentic pluripotency and de novo establishment of imprinting | ||
J Clin Invest Sec13 promotes oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelin repair through autocrine pleiotrophin signaling. | ||
Hypertens Res Unilateral chemical ablation of the adrenal gland lowers blood pressure and alleviates target organ damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats | ||
Inflammation Ursolic Acid Promotes Autophagy by Inhibiting Akt/mTOR and TNF-α/TNFR1 Signaling Pathways to Alleviate Pyroptosis and Necroptosis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Infected Macrophages | ||
Neurochem Res Akt/mTOR Pathway Agonist SC79 Inhibits Autophagy and Apoptosis of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells Associated with Neonatal White Matter Dysplasia | ||
J Virol The S273R protein of African swine fever virus antagonizes the canonical NF-κB signaling pathway by IκBα |
